Decree outcome: ordinal variable identifying the existence of explicit constitutional decree authority and the reversionary outcome in case of congressional inaction. It is coded as follows: no explicit decree authority = 0; decree lapses in the absence of congressional approval =1; decree stands in the absence of congressional approval =2 Fuente: Negretto, Gabriel (2013) Making Constitutions: Presidents, Parties, and Institutional Choice in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press. Negretto, Gabriel (2013) Latin American Constitutional Change Database