Redes tri-tróficas plantas-insectos herbívoros-parasitoides en fragmentos de monte rodeados de matriz vitivinícola

Name: Redes tri-tróficas plantas-insectos herbívoros-parasitoides en fragmentos de monte rodeados de matriz vitivinícola
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
Keywords: Redes tróficas

Datos de investigación

Redes tri-tróficas plantas-insectos herbívoros-parasitoides en fragmentos de monte rodeados de matriz vitivinícola

Autores: Santos, Micaela Icon

; Vazquez, Diego P. Icon

; Cagnolo, Luciano Icon

Publicador: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Fecha de depósito: 14/04/2026

Fecha de creación: 01/04/2015-31/03/2020

Clasificación temática:

Ecología

Resumen

Interacciones tróficas entre plantas, insectos herbívoros (galícolas, minadores de hojas, pulgones y cochinillas), parasitoides y otros enemigos naturales en fragmentos de hábitat de monte en un paisaje agrícola (principalmente vitivinícola) del Valle de Uco-Mendoza con distinta conectividad, edad de fragmentación y área.

Métodos

To describe plant composition in habitat fragments, in austral spring (October) 2015 and summer (December) 2016, we sampled vegetation at the centroid of each fragment using the point-intercept method along four 50-m transects defining a square whose center was the fragment's centroid, with sampling points every 2 m (Bullock 1996). With these data, we estimated species’ abundance as the number of points in a fragment in which the species was present. To describe interaction diversity, at the centroid of each fragment we also sampled plant–herbivore interactions along two 50 × 2 m transect bands during the spring and summer of two consecutive years (2015–2016 and 2016–2017). We applied the same sampling effort in all fragments regardless of their area to maintain sampled area constant among fragments. To describe plant–herbivore interactions in the study fragments, in each transect band, we identified and estimated the abundance of all galls on leaves and stems, mined leaves, aphid colonies (family Aphididae), and scale insects (superfamily Coccoidea) on shrubs and herbs. We identified galls and mines in the field based on host plant identity and on their position, shape, color, and size. To confirm whether galls and mines collected in the field were correctly identified, we kept them in the laboratory for 1 yr after collection to allow for the emergence of adult gallers and miners. Based on adult morphology, we identified all emerged insects associated with mines and galls to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Scale insects and aphids were identified to the morphospecies level based on external morphology. We kept the immature and/or parasitized herbivores in the lab (galls, mines, parasitized aphids and scale insects) until herbivore and parasitoid adult emergence, which allowed recording herbivore-parasitoid interactions. We identified all species and morphospecies emerged from galls, mines and parasitized aphids and scale insects, then we assigned them to the most likely trophic guild; alternatively, we identified galls and mines through external morphology when adult herbivores did not emerge in the lab. Furthermore, as insects associated to galls were highly diverse, it was not possible to determine whether a given species was a gall maker, a predator or parasitoid of the gall maker, or an opportunistic occupier of the gall, therefore we decided to consider parasitoids and predators interacting with the whole gall. To distinguish between long-fragmented habitats and recently fragmented habitats, we used the timelapse tool in GoogleEarthPro to track cover changes over the past ~30 years (1984-2017). A visual analysis of the oldest map (1984) revealed initial habitat loss and fragmentation spreading from east to west. A long-term analysis of changes in our study area showed high cropland persistence in the east between 1986-2018, confirming that Monte desert habitats located in the east were fragmented before 1986. Therefore, the rationale of this categorization is that long-fragmented habitats have started the relaxation process earlier, regardless of how much area has been lost. The low resolution of available images prevented precise measurement of landscape features from 1984 to 2003. Consequently, we defined long-fragmented habitats as fragments that experienced significant changes before 2003, and recently fragmented habitats, after 2003. This classification implies that long-fragmented habitats have remained constant in area since 2003 to the present (but they are much older), while their connectivity has changed due to ongoing surrounding landscape changes. In contrast, recently fragmented habitats have experienced changes in both area and connectivity from 2003 to the present. As a result of this classification, we distinguished two subsets of five long-fragmented habitats representing the stable habitats of reference, and nine recently fragmented habitats representing the unstable habitats with a presumably unpaid debt. We measured current areas and connectivities using the 2015 map, while for past areas and connectivities we used the 2003 map. To calculate areas and distances, we used st_area and st_distance of the sf package in R, respectively, providing a vectorized map of present and past landscape. We considered the distances edge-to-edge among both sampled and unsampled fragments in the landscape and distance to continuous habitat. In the past landscape, for habitats that currently still have an adjacent border to continuous habitat, we maintained the borders with the continuous habitat identified in the present, to avoid overestimating the past areas. To estimate fragment connectivity, we calculated the sum of the shortest geographical distances between neighboring fragments, i.e ⅀dij, where dij represents the distance between fragments i and j.

Palabras clave: Redes tróficas, Fragmentación del hábitat, Conectividad del hábitat, Paisaje vitivinícola

Alcance geográfico

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Identificador del recurso

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/284654

Colecciones

Datos de Investigación(IADIZA)
Datos de Investigación de INST. ARG DE INVEST. DE LAS ZONAS ARIDAS

Datos de Investigación(IMBIV)
Datos de Investigación de INST.MULTIDISCIPL.DE BIOLOGIA VEGETAL (P)

Citación

Santos, Micaela; Vazquez, Diego P.; Cagnolo, Luciano; (2026): Redes tri-tróficas plantas-insectos herbívoros-parasitoides en fragmentos de monte rodeados de matriz vitivinícola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. (dataset). http://hdl.handle.net/11336/284654

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